Dairy margins will remain tight in the short term, and dairy farmers are asking what they can do to reduce costs over the summer months.
CAFRE benchmarking has continually shown that one of the main indicators of profit is milk from forage, regardless of system of production.
Benchmarking also highlights that for the average dairy enterprise in 2013/14, concentrates accounted for almost 70% of variable costs of production and up to 35-40% of the total costs of production. So, what can be done to lower feed costs?
Milk from forage
There is no question that grass is our cheapest feed at around 25% of the cost of concentrates on a per kilogram of dry matter (kg DM) basis. Many producers however have lost confidence in the potential of grass to produce milk. Remember 1kg DM of grass has the same energy content as 1kg of concentrate and so has the same potential for milk production.
Under good conditions it is reasonable to expect the cow to eat 15kg DM of grass if the herd is grazing full time. On a 3 week re-growth and an ME around 12 this should supply maintenance plus (M+) 19 litres. Under current conditions a 30 litre cow will have her energy requirements met by free access to good quality grass and 5kg of concentrates. The cash cost of this diet will be around £1.98 per cow per day. If the same cow is fed 8kg of concentrates this pushes the diet cost to £2.67 per day. For 100 cows the extra cost of this over feeding in one month is over £2,000.
Many producers house the higher yielding portion of their herd by night for several reasons, eg, lack of grazing acres, cows not yet back in calf or ease of management.
However, it means that the diet becomes more expensive due to grass being replaced by more expensive silage as well as other incidental costs, eg, diesel for TMR, slurry spreading etc. However, if this is the preferred option the same principles apply, ie, ensuring that production from silage is optimised. The essential thing with regard to silage is to get an analysis and use this to calculate the required feed level of meal to hit target.
Milk volume
After a change in feeding to reduce concentrates, the bulk tank volume may fall. This can trigger an automatic response to put things back the way they were and increase meal feeding.
If you simply calculate the cost saved in meal input and compare it against the lost income from milk it will allow to quickly make an assessment as to the correct option. Milk price per litre and meal price per kilogram are currently very close meaning the extra marginal litres that paid well last year are costing more in meal input than the return.
For example if you adjust feeding of a 100 cow herd and save 75kg of meal per day, at a meal price of £230 per tonne this saves you £17.25 per day. At a milk price of 21ppl your bulk tank volume can fall by over 80 litres per day and you will still be in a better financial position.
