Two Welsh livestock farms are taking steps to boost production efficiencies to make their systems more carbon-efficient.
Bryn Farm, near Cardigan, and Hendre Ifan Goch, at Bridgend, are implementing actions to reduce emissions further.
Through their Farming Connect project work, both farms already sequester significantly more carbon than they release every year.
Bryn Farm’s carbon emission balance is -82.87 tonnes CO2e whilst for Hendre Ifan Goch it is -197.01 tonnes CO2e – and both have high levels of soil organic matter.
Independent beef and sheep specialist Dr Liz Genever has worked with both farms to help slash emissions.
She said there was scope to improve further through marginal gains in multiple areas, but added: “It will be a challenge because they are doing such a great job on animal performance."
The livestock themselves generate the highest emissions: “These are the big ticket items for reducing emissions, gains can be made in areas such as ensuring unproductive animals leave the farm."
At Bryn Farm, 43% of emissions come from the cattle, so the focus for farmers Huw and Meinir Jones is to improve efficiency in their 80-cow suckler herd.
The aim is for each cow to wean calves that are at least 45% of their weight; at Bryn Farm cows weigh around 575kg, therefore, if 94 calves per 100 cows bulled are reared and the calves weigh around 260kg at weaning that gives a cow efficiency of over 45%.
Herbal leys are being grown with a view to improving growth rates in growing cattle. The Jones’ will also monitor fuel and nitrogen use.
A min till approach to cultivation for over 10 years and a rotational grazing system have built up high levels of soil organic matter to offset emissions.
At Hendre Ifan Goch, the 600-ewe flock is responsible for 49% of emissions therefore, again, ewe efficiency is the focus along with growth rates.
The aim for the sheep flock is to rear at least 65% of ewe weight to weaning.
“The ewes weigh 65kg therefore if 1.65 lambs per ewe tupped are reared and the lambs average 26kg at weaning, the 65% of mature weight target will be achieved," said Dr Genever.
Improvements will be sought in post-weaning growth rates as performance can be a challenge in the autumn due to grass availability and trace element deficiencies.
“The more days lambs are on farm, the more they eat and the more methane they produce," she added.
Although carbon is the current hot topic for discussion in agriculture, she warned there were further expectations from buyers to come, such as biodiversity monitoring and the social impact of farm businesses.
“We can get a little bit obsessed about carbon but we need to think about what is coming next too," Dr Genever said.
