Some winter oilseed rape may already have 10% of the crop showing phoma symptoms and may need treating, according to a new disease forecast.
The 2020 forecast reveals a wide range of predicted dates - 13 September to 10 November - for crops to reach this threshold across the UK.
But compared with 2019, most sites - 19 out of 29 - are likely to reach the threshold earlier, Rothamsted Research and AHDB's forecast shows.
In fact, the 2020 forecast predicted eight sites would reach it in September, in contrast to just two sites in 2019.
Catherine Harries, who manages disease research at AHDB, explains that phoma spores mature on stubble – a process that is favoured by warm, wet weather.
"Many sites monitored experienced such conditions in 2020, so it is important to look for symptoms in the field, especially when the local forecast suggests the threshold date is near.
"Backing up the forecast findings, we have received reports of early-sown crops showing phoma symptoms,” she said.
Temperature and rainfall information from 1 July to 26 September is used to simulate the development of Leptosphaeria maculans – a key pathogen responsible for phoma leaf spot and phoma stem canker.
Accounting for subsequent crop infection, the forecast predicts the date when 10% of oilseed rape plants could potentially show symptoms of phoma leaf spot.
This level of infection relates to a treatment threshold for varieties with lower disease ratings (7 and below) for stem canker.
Ten top tips for phoma management
• Infected crop debris is the main source of infection – use cultivation and rotation to reduce disease pressure
• Select varieties with strong resistance to diseases, including phoma
• During autumn, monitor oilseed rape for phoma leaf spots - prioritise susceptible varieties and small crops
• Note that warm and wet conditions favour the disease. Most crops breach treatment thresholds in October, although it may be earlier
• A fungicide applied as close as possible to a threshold helps maximise its effect
• Check AHDB fungicide performance data, which includes information on product efficacy against phoma
• Treat varieties with lower resistance ratings for stem canker (7 and below) and small crops first, when 10–20% of plants have phoma leaf spot
• Only treat varieties with high resistance ratings for stem canker (8 to 9) if more than 20% of plants have phoma leaf spot
• When reinfection occurs, consider a second spray – typically, four to ten weeks after the first spray
• Adjust spray programmes to account for any late-autumn fungicide (typically, November) required for light leaf spot control
